I. Introduction
Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by local or systemic depigmentation of the skin, forming white spots. This treatment plan targets small-area vitiligo lesions (approximately 30*30 mm²), especially sensitive and conspicuous areas such as the face, corners of the eyes, and hands. It uses excimer 308nm laser as the main treatment method, combined with reasonable dietary conditioning, in order to achieve better results. Achieve good therapeutic effects.II. Treatment plan
(1) Excimer 308nm laser treatmentPrinciple: The excimer 308nm laser can penetrate the surface of the skin and directly act on the depigmentation area to achieve the purpose of treating vitiligo by inducing T lymphocyte apoptosis, promoting the regeneration and migration of melanocytes, and reducing inflammatory reactions.
Equipment: Use an excimer 308nm laser therapy device equipped with 16 SMD LEDs to ensure uniform light spots and stable energy.
Operating procedures:
Before the first irradiation, the patient undergoes a comprehensive skin examination and evaluation to ensure that there are no contraindications.
Clean the skin of the affected area to remove oil and dirt to avoid affecting the laser penetration effect.
Set the appropriate dose and frequency of exposure based on the patient's skin type and sensitivity. The first irradiation time was set to 10 seconds and gradually extended to the appropriate dose.
During the irradiation process, closely observe the patient's reaction. If there is pain, redness, swelling and other discomfort, adjust the dose or suspend the treatment in a timely manner. It usually takes the next day to see the effect.
After treatment, sunscreen is applied and the patient is informed of the precautions.
Precautions:
Strictly follow the instructions to ensure the equipment is safe and effective.
Check the status of the equipment before irradiation to ensure that the light source is stable and not damaged.
Wear professional protective glasses when irradiating to avoid laser damage to your eyes.
After irradiation, keep the affected skin clean and dry to avoid friction and irritation.
Follow-up and evaluate patients regularly, and adjust treatment plans according to changes in condition.
(2) Dietary conditioning
Principle: Dietary conditioning should be based on the principles of balanced nutrition and immunity enhancement, and eat more foods rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Specific suggestions:
Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as spinach, broccoli, carrots, apples, oranges, etc., which are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, which can help reduce oxidative stress and promote melanocyte regeneration.
Moderate intake of foods rich in copper, zinc and other trace elements, such as nuts, seafood, lean meat, etc., can help promote melanin synthesis and metabolism.
Avoid excessive intake of spicy, greasy, and irritating foods to avoid aggravating skin inflammation.
Maintain a regular diet and avoid overeating and excessive dieting to avoid affecting the body's immunity and metabolic functions.
III. Efficacy evaluation and adjustment
(1) Efficacy evaluationObservation indicators: Evaluate the treatment effect by comparing changes in white spot area, color, boundary clarity and other indicators before and after treatment.
Assessment cycle: once a week during the initial stage of treatment and once every two weeks after the condition stabilizes.
(2) Adjustment of treatment plan
If the area of white spots is significantly reduced, the color is darker, and the boundaries become clear after treatment, continue to treat according to the original plan.
If there is no significant change in the area of white spots after treatment or new white spots appear, the treatment plan needs to be adjusted. Consider increasing the radiation dose or frequency, or combining it with other treatment methods such as oral medications and external application of traditional Chinese medicine.
IV. Patient education and psychological support
(1) Patient educationProvide patients with a detailed introduction to the cause, pathogenesis, treatment methods and precautions of vitiligo, so that patients can understand the condition and actively cooperate with treatment.
Instruct patients to correctly use sunscreen, sun hats and other sun protection measures to reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin.
(2) Psychological support
Pay attention to the patient's psychological state, discover and solve the patient's psychological problems in a timely manner.
Provide psychological counseling services to help patients establish a positive and optimistic attitude and enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease.
